Review: Pembuatan Serat Rayon

Reynaldo Biantoro; Chandra Apriana Purwita

doi:10.25269/jsel.v9i02.273

Review: Pembuatan Serat Rayon

Reynaldo Biantoro^(1*), Chandra Apriana Purwita⁽²⁾
(1) Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas
(2) Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas
(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v9i02.273

Abstract

Serat sintetis dari minyak bumi memiliki posisi penting dalam produk tekstil. Lebih dari 50% produksi serat dunia didominasi oleh serat sintetik. Meskipun serat sintetik lebih murah, produktivitasnya tinggi, dan lebih tahan lama tetapi serat tersebut tidak dapat terurai secara alami dan proses pembuatannya menggunakan bahan yang dapat merusak lingkungan dan mengancam kesehatan. Meningkatnya kesadaran terhadap isu-isu terkait ekologi dan lingkungan telah mendorong pencarian solusi alternatif bahan baku dan pengembangan metode pembuatan serat yang ramah lingkungan. Serat regenerasi merupakan jenis serat semisintetik yang dibuat dari hasil regenerasi selulosa yang menggunakan bahan baku terbarukan yaitu kayu dan nonkayu yang diproses lebih lanjut menjadi dissolving pulp. Serat ini lebih ramah lingkungan karena lebih mudah terdegradasi. Metode regenerasi serat selulosa lebih berkelanjutan dibandingkan penggunaan bahan baku minyak bumi yang ketersediannya terbatas. Dalam makalah ini dipaparkan sejumlah metode pembuatan serat rayon untuk tekstil menggunakan proses konvensional hingga proses alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Proses tersebut antara lain proses nitrat, cuproammonium, asetat, viskosa, lyocell, larutan ionik, modal, dan karbamat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi komprehensif mengenai berbagai proses pembuatan serat rayon serta keunggulan dan kelemahan yang menyertainya, karakteristik dan sifat serat yang diperoleh, dan metode terbaru seperti lyocell dan larutan ionik memiliki dampak lingkungan yang relatif rendah sehingga memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan.

Review: Making Rayon Fiber

Abstract

Synthetic fibers from petroleum have an important position in textile products. More than 50% of the world’s fiber production is dominated by synthetic fibers. Although synthetic fibers are cheaper, high productivity, and more durable, they cannot biodegrade naturally and the manufacturing process uses materials that can damage the environment and threaten health. Increased awareness of issues related to ecology and the environment has
led to the search for alternative solutions for new raw materials and the development of environmentally friendly fiber making process. Regenerated fiber is a type of semisynthetic fiber made from cellulose regeneration using renewable raw materials such as wood and non-wood which are further processed into dissolving pulp. This fiber is more environmentally friendly because it is more easily degraded. Regenerated fiber methods are more sustainable than the use of petroleum raw materials which have limited availability. In this paper, a number of methods for making rayon fibers for textiles are presented using conventional processes to alternative processes that are more environmentally friendly. These processes include nitrate, cuproammonium, acetate, viscose, lyocell, ionic solution, modal, and carbamate. The purpose of this paper is to provide comprehensive information on the various processes of making rayon fibers as well as the advantages and disadvantages, the characteristics and properties of the fibers, and the latest methods such as lyocells and ionic solutions have relatively low environmental impact so that they have the potential to be developed.

Keywords: dissolving pulp, rayon fiber, cellulose, textile, viscose

Keywords

dissolving pulp; serat rayon; selulosa; tekstil; viskosa

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v9i02.273