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Abstract

Pengkajian terhadap sumber dan karakteristik emisi industri pulp dan kertas yang menggunakan bahan baku bagas (bukan kayu) dan kayu pengaruhnya terhadap pencemaran udara telah dilakukan. Sumber emisi yang dikaji pada industri pulp dan kertas yang menggunakan bahan baku bagas (bukan kayu) yaitu unit recovery boiler, power boiler, smelt dissolving tank, lime kiln dan unit chlorine washer. Adapun sumber emisi yang dikaji pada industri pulp dan kertas dengan bahan baku kayu yaitu unit recovery boiler dan boiler. Beberapa parameter emisi yang diukur meliputi parameter klor (Cl₂), Sulfur tereduksi total (TRS) sebagai H2S, partikulat (debu), NO_x, NO₂, NO, SO₂, CO₂ dan CO. Pengukuran konsentrasi klor dan TRS dilakukan dengan cara penyerapan dan konsentrasinya ditentukan dengan metoda iodometri. Penentuan partikulat dilakukan dengan metoda gravimetric. Konsentrasi NO_x, NO2 dan NO diukur dengan metoda chemiluminescence, dan konsentrasi SO₂, CO dan CO₂ ditentukan dengan metoda non-dispersive infra red (NDIR).

Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa boiler yang menggunakan bahan bakar residu mengeluarkan emisi SO₂ yang belum memenuhi baku mutu. Demikian juga dengan konsentrasi partikulat yang dikeluarkan dari cerobong recovery boiler, lime kiln, dan smelt dissolving tank. Alat pengendali emisi seperti cyclone scrubber dan electrostatic precipitator yang digunakan di industri pulp dan kertas pengoperasiannya perlu dioptimalkan.

Kata kunci : emisi, boiler, partikulat, cyclone scrubber, electro static precipitator

CHARACTERISTICS OF EMISSION OF PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRIES IN RELATION AIR POLLUTION

Abstract

The study of characterization of emissions coming out from pulp and paper industries using
bagasse (non-wood) as raw material include recovery boiler, power boiler, smelt dissolving tank, lime kiln, and chlorine washer units. Whereas the study of characterization of emissions coming out from pulp and paper industries using wood as raw material include recovery boiler and power boiler units. The emission parameter measured include Cl₂, TRS, particulate, NO_x, NO₂, NO, SO₂, CO₂ and CO. Cl₂ and TRS concentrations were done by iodometric method. Particulate was determined by gravimetric method. The concentration of NOx, NO₂ and NO were measured by chemiluminescence method. Non-dispersive infra red (NDIR) method was used to measure for SO₂, CO and CO₂ parameters.

The results study reveal that the power boiler using heavy fuel oil emited SO₂ concentration
above emissions standard. Recovery boiler, lime kiln, and smelt dissolving tank, in generally, also emited particulate concentrantion above emissions standard. The equipments for air emissions control such as cyclone scrubber and electro static precipitator used in pulp and paper industry are required to be operated in the optimum condition.

Keywords : emissions, boiler, particulate, cyclone scrubber, electro static precipitator