Email the author 
Abstract
Refining merupakan proses untuk memodifikasi serat dengan tujuan meningkatkan ikatan serat dan mengembangkan kekuatan kertas. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan meliputi penentuan kondisi refining dengan PFI Mill dan penentuan kondisi perlakuan awal lakase yang selanjutnya akan diterapkan pada proses biorefining. Jumlah putaran 2500 dari PFI mill merupakan jumlah yang optimum untuk menghasilkan kekuatan pulp Acacia crassicarpa. Sedangkan hasil penelitian kondisi optimum lakase menunjukkan bahwa lakase memiliki laju reaksi yang paling tinggi (0,0018 mM/s) pada suhu 50°C. Pada proses refining, freeness awal pulp adalah sekitar 550 mL CSF, dan ketika dikenakan perlakuan lakase turun menjadi 515 (LMS1) dan 520 (LMS2). Refining pulp tanpa perlakuan enzim menghasilkan indeks tarik, retak dan sobek berturut-turut adalah 6,4.10-2 kNm/g, 5,18 kPa.m2/g, dan 5,96 mN.m2/g. Indeks sobek tidak mengalami perubahan signifikan pada semua perlakuan. Perlakuan LMS1 meningkatkan indeks tarik menjadi 6,83 kNm/g dan indeks sobek menjadi 7,53 mN.m2/g. Indeks tarik dan sobek pada LMS2 menurun dibandingkan LMS1, namun masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa perlakuan. Dengan demikian perlakuan lakase pada proses refining dapat meningkatkan indeks tarik dan indeks sobek lembaran.
Laccase Application in Pulp Refining Process
Abstract
Refining is a process to modify fibers with the aim of increasing fiber bonds and developing paper strength. The research that has been done includes determining the refining conditions with PFI Mill and determining the conditions of pretreatment of laccase which will then be applied to the biorefining process. The PFI mill revolutions of 2500 is the optimum to produce the strength of the Acacia crassicarpa pulp. Whereas the results of the study showed that optimum laccase conditions showed that laccase had the highest reaction rate (0.0018 mM/s) at 50oC. In the refining process, the initial freeness of the pulp is around 550 mL CSF, and when subjected to laccase treatment it drops to 515 (LMS1) and 520 (LMS2). Refining the pulp without enzyme treatment produced tensile, bursting and tearing indexes of 6.4.10-2 kNm/g, 5.18 kPa.m2/g, and 5.96 mN.m2/g, respectively. The tear index did not change significantly in all treatments. The LMS1 treatment increased the tensile index to 6.83 kNm/g and the tear index to 7.53 mN.m2/g. The tensile and tear index in LMS2 decreased compared to LMS1, but it was still higher than without treatment. Thus, laccase treatment in the refining process can increase the tensile index and tear index
of the sheet.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdul-Khalil, H. P. S., Siti Alwani, M. and Mohd Omar, A. K. (2006) ‘Chemical composition, anatomy, lignin distribution, and cell wall
structure of Malaysian plant waste fibers’, BioResources, 1(2), pp. 220 – 232. doi: 10.15376/biores.1.2.220-232.
Asih, S. (2016) Produksi, purifikasi, dan karakterisasi lakase dari Pleurotus ostreatus (Ho) dan Schizophyllum commune (Sc) pada fermentasi padat limbah lignoselulosa. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Chauhan, V. S., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Chakrabarti, S. K. and Thapar, S. K. (2011) ‘Effect of separate and mixed refining of hardwood and softwood pulps on paper properties’, Journal of Korea TAPPI, 43(4),
pp. 1–10.
Chen, S. C., Wu, P. H., Su, Y. C., Wen, T. N., Wei, Y. S., Wang, N. C., Hsu, C. A., Wang, A. H. J. and Shyur, L. F. (2012) ‘Biochemical characterization of a novel laccase from the basidiomycete fungus
Cerrena sp. WR1’, Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 25(11), pp. 761–769. doi: 10.1093/protein/gzs082.
Gharehkhani, S., Sadeghinezhad, E., Kazi, S. N., Yarmand, H., Badarudin, A., Safaei, M. R. and Zubir, M. N. M. (2015) ‘Basic effects of pulp refining on fiber properties—A review’, Carbohydrate Polymers, 115, pp. 785–803. doi: 10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2014.08.047.
Gomes, E., Aguiar, A. P., Carvalho, C. C., Bonfá, M. R. B., Da Silva, R. and Boscolo, M. (2009) ‘Ligninases production by basidiomycetes strains on lignocellulosic agricultural residues and their application in the decolorization of synthetic dyes’, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 40(1), pp. 31–39. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822009000100005.
Hamidi, N. H. (2013) Enzymatic depolymerization of lignin by laccases.
Hilgers, R., Vincken, J. P., Gruppen, H. and Kabel, M. A. (2018) ‘Laccase/Mediator Systems: Their Reactivity toward Phenolic Lignin
Structures’, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. American Chemical Society, 6(2), pp. 2037–2046. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03451.
Hu, X., Wang, C., Wang, L., Zhang, R. and Chen, H. (2014) ‘Influence of temperature, pH and metal ions on guaiacol oxidation of purified laccase from Leptographium qinlingensis’, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30(4), pp. 1285–1290. doi: 10.1007/s11274-013-1554-3.
Iakovlev, M., Hiltunen, E. and Van Heiningen, A. (2010) ‘Paper technical potential of spruce SO2-Ethanol-Water (SEW) pulp compared to kraft pulp’, Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 25(4), pp. 428–433. doi: 10.3183/npprj-2010-25-04-p428-433
Khakifirooz, A., Ravanbakhsh, F., Samariha, A. and Kiaei, M. (2013) ‘Investigating the possibility of chemi-mechanical pulping of bagasse’, BioResources, 8(1), pp. 21–30. doi: 10.15376/biores.8.1.21-30.
Kiaei, M. (2014) ‘Investigation on biometrical properties and mineral content of rice residues and its application in pulp and paper production’, Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(13), pp. 952–959.
Lecourt, M., Soranzo, A. and Petit-Conil, M. (2011) ‘Refining of Pine radiata and eucalyptus kraft pulps assisted with commercial laccase mediator systems’, O PAPEL, 72(8), pp. 57–61.
Lian, H. L., You, J. X. and Lian, Z. N. (2012) ‘Effect of prior mechanical refining on biobleaching of wheat straw pulp with laccase/xylanase treatment’, BioResources, 7(3), pp. 3113–3124. doi: 10.15376/biores.7.3.3113-3124.
Masrol, S. R., Ibrahim, M. H. I., Adnan, S., Amir Shah, M. S. S., Main, N. M., Esa, M. F. and Othman, M. H. (2015) ‘Effect of Beating Process to Soda Anthraquinone Pulp of Oil Palm Male Flower Spikes Fibre’, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 773–774, pp. 158–162. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.158.
Mossello, A. A., Harun, J., Tahir, P. M., Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Fallah Shamsi, S. R. and Mohmamed, A. Z. (2010) ‘A Review of Literatures Related of Using Kenaf for Pulp Production (Beating, Fractionation, and Recycled Fiber)’, Modern Applied Science, 4(9), pp. 21–29. doi: 10.5539/mas.v4n9p21.
Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Simons, A. and Jamnadass, R. H. (2009) Agroforestree Database: A Tree Reference and Selection Guide Version 4.0.
Reiss, R., Ihssen, J., Thöny-Meyer, L., Hoegger, P., Kilaru, S., James, T., Thacker, J., Kues, U., Witayakran, S., Ragauskas, A., Sharma, P., Goel, R., Capalash, N., Kunamneni, A., Camarero, S., Garcia-Burgos, C., Plou, F., Ballesteros, A., Alcalde, M., Baldrian, P., Merhautova, V., Gabriel, J., Nerud, F., Stopka, P., Hruby, M., Benes, M., Hu, M., Chao, Y., Zhang, G., Xue, Z., Qian, S., Couto, S., Herrera, J., Vanhulle, S., Trovaslet, M., Enaud, E., Lucas, M., Taghavi, S., Lelie, D. Van Der, Aken, B. Van, Foret, M., Onderwater, R., Wesenberg, D., Khlifi, R., Belbahri, L., Woodward, S., Ellouz, M., Dhouib, A., Sayadi, S., Mechichi, T., Johannes, C., Majcherczyk, A., Gonzalez, M., Vidal, T., Tzanov, T., Abadulla, E., Tzanov, T., Costa, S., Robra, K., Cavaco-Paulo, A., Gubitz, G., Camarero, S., Ibarra, D., Martinez, M., Martinez, A., Colao, M., Lupino, S., Garzillo, A., Buonocore, V., Ruzzi, M., Kunamneni, A., Ghazi, I., Camarero, S., Ballesteros, A., Plou, F., Alcalde, M., Dube, E., Shareck, F., Hurtubise, Y., Daneault, C., Beauregard, M., Pereira, L., Coelho, A., Viegas, C., Santos, M. dos, Robalo, M., Martins, L., Singh, G., Capalash, N., Goel, R., Sharma, P., Williams, G., Nelson, A., Berry, A., Wells, A., Teria, M., Eve, T., Enguita, F., Martins, L., Henriques, A., Carrondo, M., Hullo, M., Moszer, I., Danchin, A., Martin-Verstraete, I., Sakurai, T., Kataoka, K., Koschorreck, K., Richter, S., Ene, A., Roduner, E., Schmid, R., Urlacher, V., Durao, P., Chen, Z., Fernandes, A., Hildebrandt, P., Murgida, D., Todorovic, S., Pereira, M., Melo, E., Martins, L., Bradford, M., Martins, L., Soares, C., Pereira, M., Teixeira, M., Costa, T., Jones, G., Henriques, A., Enguita, F., Marcal, D., Martins, L., Grenha, R., Henriques, A., Lindley, P., Carrondo, M., Rosconi, F., Fraguas, L., Martinez-Drets, G., Castro-Sowinski, S., Kandelbauer, A., Kessler, W., Kessler, R., Podgornik, H., Poljansek, I., Perdih, A., Claus, H., Xu, F., Shin, W., Brown, S., Wahleithner, J., Sundaram, U., Solomon, E., Hilden, K., Hakala, T., Maijala, P., Lundell, T., Hatakka, A., Rodakiewicz-Nowak, J., Kasture, S., Dudek, B., Haber, J., Tominaga, J., Michizoe, J., Kamiya, N., Ichinose, H., Maruyama, T., Goto, M., Smirnov, S., Koroleva, O., Gavrilova, V., Belova, A., Klyachko, N., Garzillo, A., Colao, M., Caruso, C., Caporale, C., Celletti, D., Buonocore, V., Molina-Guijarro, J., Perez, J., Munoz-Dorado, J., Guillen, F., Moya, R., Hernandez, M., Arias, M., Youn, H., Kim, K., Maeng, J., Han, Y., Jeong, I., Jeong, G., Kang, S., Hah, Y., Koschorreck, K., Schmid, R. and Urlacher, V. (2011) ‘Bacillus pumilus laccase: a heat stable enzyme with a wide substrate spectrum’, BMC Biotechnology, 11(1), p. 9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-9.
Risdianto, H., Sofianti, E., Suhardi, S. H. and Setiadi, T. (2012) ‘Optimisation of laccase production using white rot fungi and agriculture wastes in solid state fermentation’, ITB Journal of Engineering Science, 44 B(2), pp. 93–105. doi: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2012.44.2.1.
Rushdan, I. (2003) ‘The Effect of Refining on Fibre Morphology and Drainage of Soda Pulp Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches’, Journal of Tropical Forest Products, 9(1), pp. 26–34.
Saropah, D. A., Jannah, A. and Maunatin, A. (2012) ‘Kinetika Reaksi Enzimatis Ekstrak Kasar Enzim Selulase Bakteri Selulolitik Hasil Isolasi Dari Bekatul’, Alchemy, 2(1), pp. 35–45.
Sugesty, S., Kardiansyah, T. and Pratiwi, W. (2015) ‘Potensi Acacia crassicarpa sebagai bahan baku pulp kertas untuk hutan tanaman industri’, JURNAL SELULOSA. doi: 10.25269/jsel.v5i01.75.
Tavares, A. P. M., Silva, C. G., Dražić, G., Silva, A. M. T., Loureiro, J. M. and Faria, J. L. (2015) ‘Laccase immobilization over multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Kinetic, thermodynamic and stability studies’, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 454, pp. 52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.054.
Udohitinah, J. S. and Oluwadare, A. O. (2011) ‘Pulping properties of kraft pulp of Nigerian-grown kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)’, BioResources, 6(1), pp. 751 – 761. doi: 10.15376/biores.6.1.751-761.
Ververis, C., Georghiou, K., Christodoulakis, N., Santas, P. and Santas, R. (2004) ‘Fiber dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production’, Industrial Crops and Products, 19, pp. 245–254. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006.
Vishnu Vardhini, K. J. and Murugan, R. (2016) ‘Effect of Laccase and Xylanase Enzyme Treatment on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber’, Journal of Natural Fibers, 14(2), pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/15440478.2016.1193086.
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 131 times
PDF view : 65 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 JURNAL SELULOSA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.